1、nginx部署-Yum安装
访问nginx的官方网站:nginx: download
Nginx版本类型
Mainline version: 主线版,即开发版
Stable version: 最新稳定版,生产环境上建议使用的版本
Legacy versions: 遗留的老版本的稳定版
yum安装nginx
配置Yum源的官网:nginx: Linux packages
Install the prerequisites:
sudo yum install yum-utils
To set up the yum repository, create the file named /etc/yum.repos.d/nginx.repo
with the following contents:
[nginx-stable]
name=nginx stable repo
baseurl=http://nginx.org/packages/centos/$releasever/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=1
gpgkey=https://nginx.org/keys/nginx_signing.key
module_hotfixes=true
[nginx-mainline]
name=nginx mainline repo
baseurl=http://nginx.org/packages/mainline/centos/$releasever/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0
gpgkey=https://nginx.org/keys/nginx_signing.key
module_hotfixes=true
By default, the repository for stable nginx packages is used. If you would like to use mainline nginx packages, run the following command:
sudo yum-config-manager –enable nginx-mainline
To install nginx, run the following command:
sudo yum install nginx
When prompted to accept the GPG key, verify that the fingerprint matches 573B FD6B 3D8F BC64 1079 A6AB ABF5 BD82 7BD9 BF62
, and if so, accept it.
当提示您接受GPG密钥时,请验证指纹是否匹配573B FD6B 3D8F BC64 1079 A6AB ABF5 BD82 7BD9 BF62
,如果匹配 ,请接受它。
用稳定版本
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install nginx
[root@localhost ~]# nginx -V #格式化打印
nginx version: nginx/1.24.0
built by gcc 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-44) (GCC)
built with OpenSSL 1.0.2k-fips 26 Jan 2017
TLS SNI support enabled
configure arguments: –prefix=/etc/nginx –sbin-path=/usr/sbin/nginx –modules-path=/usr/lib64/nginx/modules –conf-path=/etc/nginx/nginx.conf –error-log-path=/var/log/nginx/error.log –http-log-path=/var/log/nginx/access.log –pid-path=/var/run/nginx.pid –lock-path=/var/run/nginx.lock –http-client-body-temp-path=/var/cache/nginx/client_temp –http-proxy-temp-path=/var/cache/nginx/proxy_temp –http-fastcgi-temp-path=/var/cache/nginx/fastcgi_temp –http-uwsgi-temp-path=/var/cache/nginx/uwsgi_temp –http-scgi-temp-path=/var/cache/nginx/scgi_temp –user=nginx –group=nginx –with-compat –with-file-aio –with-threads –with-http_addition_module –with-http_auth_request_module –with-http_dav_module –with-http_flv_module –with-http_gunzip_module –with-http_gzip_static_module –with-http_mp4_module –with-http_random_index_module –with-http_realip_module –with-http_secure_link_module –with-http_slice_module –with-http_ssl_module –with-http_stub_status_module –with-http_sub_module –with-http_v2_module –with-mail –with-mail_ssl_module –with-stream –with-stream_realip_module –with-stream_ssl_module –with-stream_ssl_preread_module –with-cc-opt=’-O2 -g -pipe -Wall -Wp,-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fexceptions -fstack-protector-strong –param=ssp-buffer-size=4 -grecord-gcc-switches -m64 -mtune=generic -fPIC’ –with-ld-opt=’-Wl,-z,relro -Wl,-z,now -pie’
[root@localhost ~]# nginx -v
nginx version: nginx/1.24.0
关闭防火墙和selinux
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl stop firewalld && systemctl disable firewalld
[root@localhost ~]# setenforce 0 && sed -i ‘/SELINUX/s/enforcing/disabled/’ /etc/selinux/config
开启nginx并设置开机自启
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start nginx && systemctl enable
在浏览器输入ip访问出现下面界面表示成功
2、nginx 编译安装与配置使用
1、安装编译环境
yum -y install gcc gcc-c++
2、安装pcre软件包(使nginx支持http rewrite模块)
yum install -y pcre pcre-devel
3、安装openssl-devel(使nginx支持ssl)
yum install -y openssl openssl-devel
4、安装zlib
yum install -y zlib zlib-devel
5、创建用户nginx
useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin nginx
6、安装nginx
[root@localhost ~]# wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.24.0.tar.gz
[root@localhost ~]# tar xvzf nginx-1.24.0.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
[root@localhost ~]# cd nginx-1.24.0.tar.gz
[root@localhost nginx-1.24.0]# ./configure –prefix=/usr/local/nginx –group=nginx –user=nginx –sbin-path=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx –conf-path=/etc/nginx/nginx.conf –error-log-path=/var/log/nginx/error.log –http-log-path=/var/log/nginx/access.log –http-client-body-temp-path=/tmp/nginx/client_body –http-proxy-temp-path=/tmp/nginx/proxy –http-fastcgi-temp-path=/tmp/nginx/fastcgi –pid-path=/var/run/nginx.pid –lock-path=/var/lock/nginx –with-http_stub_status_module –with-http_ssl_module –with-http_gzip_static_module –with-pcre –with-http_realip_module –with-stream
[root@localhost nginx-1.24.0]# make && make install
[root@localhost nginx-1.24.0]# mkdir /tmp/nginx
7、nginx编译参数
查看 nginx 安装的模块
[root@localhost ~]#/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -V
模块参数具体功能
–with-cc-opt=’-g -O2 -fPIE -fstack-protector //设置额外的参数将被添加到CFLAGS变量。(FreeBSD或者ubuntu使用)
–param=ssp-buffer-size=4 -Wformat -Werror=format-security -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2′
–with-ld-opt=’-Wl,-Bsymbolic-functions -fPIE -pie -Wl,-z,relro -Wl,-z,now’
–prefix=/usr/local/nginx //指向安装目录
–conf-path=/etc/nginx/nginx.conf //指定配置文件
–http-log-path=/var/log/nginx/access.log //指定访问日志
–error-log-path=/var/log/nginx/error.log //指定错误日志
–lock-path=/var/lock/nginx.lock //指定lock文件
–pid-path=/run/nginx.pid //指定pid文件
–http-client-body-temp-path=/var/lib/nginx/body //设定http客户端请求临时文件路径
–http-fastcgi-temp-path=/var/lib/nginx/fastcgi //设定http fastcgi临时文件路径
–http-proxy-temp-path=/var/lib/nginx/proxy //设定http代理临时文件路径
–http-scgi-temp-path=/var/lib/nginx/scgi //设定http scgi临时文件路径
–http-uwsgi-temp-path=/var/lib/nginx/uwsgi //设定http uwsgi临时文件路径
–with-debug //启用debug日志
–with-pcre-jit //编译PCRE包含“just-in-time compilation”
–with-ipv6 //启用ipv6支持
–with-http_ssl_module //启用ssl支持
–with-http_stub_status_module //获取nginx自上次启动以来的状态
–with-http_realip_module //允许从请求标头更改客户端的IP地址值,默认为关
–with-http_auth_request_module //实现基于一个子请求的结果的客户端授权。如果该子请求返回的2xx响应代码,所述接入是允许的。如果它返回401或403中,访问被拒绝与相应的错误代码。由子请求返回的任何其他响应代码被认为是一个错误。
–with-http_addition_module //作为一个输出过滤器,支持不完全缓冲,分部分响应请求
–with-http_dav_module //增加PUT,DELETE,MKCOL:创建集合,COPY和MOVE方法 默认关闭,需编译开启
–with-http_geoip_module //使用预编译的MaxMind数据库解析客户端IP地址,得到变量值
–with-http_gunzip_module //它为不支持“gzip”编码方法的客户端解压具有“Content-Encoding: gzip”头的响应。
–with-http_gzip_static_module //在线实时压缩输出数据流
–with-http_image_filter_module //传输JPEG/GIF/PNG 图片的一个过滤器)(默认为不启用。gd库要用到)
–with-http_spdy_module //SPDY可以缩短网页的加载时间
–with-http_sub_module //允许用一些其他文本替换nginx响应中的一些文本
–with-http_xslt_module //过滤转换XML请求
–with-mail //启用POP3/IMAP4/SMTP代理模块支持
–with-mail_ssl_module //启用ngx_mail_ssl_module支持启用外部模块支持
8、修改配置文件/etc/nginx/nginx.conf
全局参数设置
worker_processes 4; #设置nginx启动进程的数量,一般设置成与逻辑cpu数量相同
error_log logs/error.log; #指定错误日志
worker_rlimit_nofile 102400; #设置一个nginx进程能打开的最大文件数
pid /var/run/nginx.pid;
events {
worker_connections 1024; #设置一个进程的最大并发连接数
}
http 服务相关设置
http {
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
log_format main ‘remote_addr – remote_user [time_local] “request” ‘
‘status body_bytes_sent “$http_referer” ‘
‘”http_user_agent” “http_x_forwarded_for”‘;
access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log main; #设置访问日志的位置和格式
sendfile on; #是否调用sendfile函数输出文件,一般设置为on,若nginx是用来进行磁盘IO负载应用时,可以设置为off,降低系统负载
gzip on; #是否开启gzip压缩,将注释去掉开启
keepalive_timeout 65; #设置长连接的超时时间
虚拟服务器的相关设置
server {
listen 80; #设置监听的端口
server_name localhost; #设置绑定的主机名、域名或ip地址
charset koi8-r; # 设置编码字符
location / {
root /var/www/nginx; #设置服务器默认网站的根目录位置,需要手动创建
index index.html index.htm; #设置默认打开的文档
}
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html; #设置错误信息返回页面
location = /50x.html {
root html; #这里的绝对位置是/usr/local/nginx/html
}
}
}
nginx.conf的组成:nginx.conf一共由三部分组成,分别为:全局块、events块、http块。在http块中又包含http全局块、多个server块。每个server块中又包含server全局块以及多个location块。在统一配置块中嵌套的配置快,各个之间不存在次序关系。
9、检测nginx配置文件是否正确
[root@localhost ~]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /tmp/nginx
10、启动nginx服务
[root@localhost ~]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
[root@localhost ~]# ln -s /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx /usr/sbin/nginx
11、通过 nginx 命令控制 nginx 服务
nginx -c /path/nginx.conf # 以特定目录下的配置文件启动nginx:
nginx -s reload # 修改配置后重新加载生效
nginx -s reopen # 重新打开日志文件
nginx -s stop # 快速停止nginx
nginx -s quit # 完整有序的停止nginx
nginx -t # 测试当前配置文件是否正确
nginx -t -c /path/to/nginx.conf # 测试特定的nginx配置文件是否正确
注意:
nginx -s reload 命令加载修改后的配置文件,命令下达后发生如下事件
- Nginx的master进程检查配置文件的正确性,若是错误则返回错误信息,nginx继续采用原配置文件进行工作(因为worker未受到影响)
- Nginx启动新的worker进程,采用新的配置文件
- Nginx将新的请求分配新的worker进程
- Nginx等待以前的worker进程的全部请求已经都返回后,关闭相关worker进程
- 重复上面过程,直到全部旧的worker进程都被关闭掉